May I ask you to draw this map like a real geographic map? It explains an alternative history of Italy and the way the country was created in 1861 and how it became like this post WWI.

higher quality: https://files.catbox.moe/gf1pxg.jpg

(I hereby swear on a stack of bibles and communion cookies i made this shitpost in good faith)

Haven’t been able to come up with a timeline where any of this is remotely plausible, feel free to take a stab at it :3

This one is ultimately something of a similar idea to the ones that I've done for Australia and Mexico, but it verges more on the idea of the Risen Lands than anything else. And not just because it features two of the Risen Lands in the form of Kaʻehukupani and Holoāʻia. Along with those two, this also goes about adding in a few new things derived from other seamounts and undersea features of the region. Besides the two extant Risen Lands, this one adds in three other sets of things. Clark Seamount to the southwest is now Luaʻipō, and I only added that one of the other Geologists Seamounts because it's the tallest of them and the easiest to "justify" in that way. I might end up going back and adding the others in later, but this is where I went anyways.

The other two are all around the island of Hawaiʻi itself, the most familiar being the one marked as Kamaʻehua on the map. It's a truncated version of the name Kamaʻehuakanaloa, the name for the seamount that was until 2021 known as Lōʻihi, which I feel is appropriate enough since the full name means "Glowing Child of Kanaloa", Kanaloa being the Hawaiian sea god, so a young and active volcano already above the water would probably adapt the name well enough. In all honesty I'm just happy it already had a name that I could use. Personally I'm still shocked that something like Penguin Bank doesn't have a native Hawaiʻian name, either applied by Hawaiʻians themselves or later applied by USGS in the same manner that Lōʻihi became Kamaʻehuakanaloa.

The cluster of things to the northwest of Hawaiʻi is a different story, though. See, most islands in the archipelago are made of multiple volcanoes: Oʻahu is composed of three: Koʻolau, Waiʻanae, and Kaʻena (the latter of which became Holoāʻia), while Maui is composed of Puʻu Kukui and Haleakalā (also the whole Maui Nui thing but that's not important here). Hawaiʻi is composed of Kohala, Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, Hualālai, and Kīlauea. However less well-known is a submerged mountain dubbed Māhukona to the northwest of the island, which is now mostly submerged in the same manner as the real-world Kaʻena. Really, the geology of the islands is so much more complicated than it presents, and it makes me wonder how much complexity isn't seen in the rest of the Hawaiʻi-Emperor Seamount Chain.

Anyways, the reason that it forms two separate things is owing to two separate facets of Māhukona's current geology. The volcano has had two separately-identified summits, one identified by Michael O. Garcia in 1990 and another by James G. Moore and David Clague in 1991. I looked at it myself and with my layman's eye my guess is that the Moore-Clague point is the original caldera, parts of which have now become the group marked Pālima Pae ʻĀina. The one marked as Hualiʻi is part of a rift zone that extends west and is either a tuff cone of the original volcano (compare Lehua and Pānīʻau) or a more recent thing formed from later volcanic activity. It's not impossible, after all the Honolulu Volcanics were active as recently as 35,000 years ago, Haleakalā erupted within the last millennium, and Ka'ena/Holoāʻia might have erupted as recently as 1956.

Hawaiʻi is such a wonderful thing to study the geology of. So much complexity to look at every time you look somewhere, and it leads you to wonder what isn't being seen in the long line of seamounts stretching all the way to Kamchatka. The oceans in general just need more study. If I were in charge I'd take the entire military budget and give half to NASA and the other to NOAA. I also enjoyed doing this overall, I might even do something similar for other island things like Cabo Verde or the Bahamas. It all depends on my mood, anyways, so until then here's this. And yes I did make the flag, it's got more stripes to reflect the additional islands and attempts to merge symbolism from both the extant flag and the Kānaka Maoli flag. Mostly just there to add a bit of flavor, what are you gonna do.

Hi! I created this alternate timeline based on the Kaiserreich scenario and its Kalterkrieg continuation. I have made numerous scenarios of this kind, and the map used here had already been shared in its original, unadorned form, with only a few minor differences. However, I have always liked the idea of a World where traditional monarchies survived, so I decided to make some further revisions and share it again. If the previous version of the map needs to be removed following these revisions, I would appreciate it if a mod could let me know in the comments first.

To briefly summarize the Kaiserreich timeline and the Ottoman Empire's situation up to 1936, the Central Powers, including the Ottoman Empire, won the First World War. The Empire reclaimed many of the territories it had lost in the preceding decades, but this proved insufficient to ensure its long-term survival.

By 1936, Grand Vizier Mustafa Kemal Pasha had come to power through democratic means. While modernizing the country through Westernization reforms, he simultaneously established his own personalist regime. Although his reforms were largely successful, they provoked considerable opposition, particularly in the less secular, non-Turkish-majority territories of the Empire. This discontent, combined with rebellions and ethnic cleansing, ultimately contributed to the outbreak of the Great Desert War, which began when powers seeking to dismantle the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East primarily Egypt, Iran, and Yemen declared war on the Empire. The Ottomans suffered a crushing defeat, and Mustafa Kemal Pasha died shortly after the war.

Following this defeat, the Ottoman Empire lost its imperial possessions and withdrew from the Middle East and Africa, leaving it with only its core territories in Anatolia and the Balkans. Although it had lost its status as a major regional power, the Empire retained its industrialized Anatolian and Balkan territories, along with a predominantly urban population that had undergone modernization relatively successfully.

During the Second World War, which broke out around the same time as the Great Desert War, the country played a largely passive role but diplomatically sided with Austria and Germany. It also retained its membership in the Mitteleuropa economic bloc. With the Zweiter Weltkrieg ending in another German victory, the Empire, having lost its eastern territories, turned its attention westward.

Despite not having participated directly in the war, the country applied for funds from the Donauplan, an initiative established by Austria (or officially the Danubian Federation) to help war-torn allied nations recover from the conflict. The funds were intended to help the Ottoman Empire recover from the devastation of the Great Desert War. Relations with the former Central Powers were subsequently strengthened considerably.

Meanwhile, following the death of Sultan Abdulmejid II from natural causes in 1944, Ömer Faruk I ascended the throne, partly thanks to his support within the military. He established a system of succession based on the eldest male descendant, which would later become permanent. Under this arrangement, Sultan Abdülmecid II's branch of the Ottoman dynasty would remain the Empire's established ruling line.

Beyond these developments, Cyprus remained under Ottoman control following the First World War, meaning that no Cyprus dispute emerged in this timeline.

Compared with modern-day Turkey in our own timeline, several important differences exist. Earlier urbanization and industrialization led to a more balanced distribution of the population across the country's cities. Combined with the factors mentioned above, particularly the influence of German urban planning, this resulted in more orderly and better-planned Turkish cities.

Furthermore, aside from the Greek minorities on Rhodes and Cyprus, the country is largely ethnically homogeneous, with an overwhelming Turkish majority. Following the Great Desert War of 1942, the Kurdish regions also gained independence, further contributing to this demographic shift.

As a result, the modern Ottoman Empire has a GDP comparable to, or slightly lower than, that of present-day Turkey. However, its higher GDP per capita can be attributed to its membership in the Mitteleuropa Union, as well as the departure of the Kurdish regions from the country.

Pretty unrealistic yes, but I thought a Lemnesian Roman Restoration was a cool idea.

TREATY OF GENEVA – June 28, 1919

(Entered into force on January 10, 1920)
TERRITORIAL CHANGES:
1. In the North:
Northern Schleswig is transferred to Denmark following the Schleswig plebiscites of February 10 and March 14, 1920.

1. In the East:
   The region of Chełmża (Kulmsee) is transferred to Poland.
   The region of Poznań (Posen) is transferred to Poland.
   The region of Katowice (Kattowitz) is transferred to Poland.
   Poland does not possess direct territorial access to the Baltic Sea. In compensation, a preferential railway system is established between Warsaw and Danzig, guaranteeing the transportation of Polish goods to the sea.
   A free trade zone is also established within the port of Danzig to guarantee Poland commercial access to the Baltic Sea, without compromising Prussian territorial continuity with East Prussia.

2. In the South:
   Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria (separated from the Palatinate), and the territory of Hohenzollern are detached from Berlin's administration and transferred to the newly established Danubian Republic.
   This new republic consists of the southern German states and Austria. It represents a union of the Upper German populations, distinct from the Federal Republic of Prussia, which is primarily composed of Low German and Central German populations.
   The Danubian Republic is a sovereign state independent of Berlin.
   The provisions concerning the territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as the political, military, and financial obligations of the Danubian Republic, are established in a separate treaty.

3. In the West:
   Alsace-Moselle is returned to France.
   Malmedy and the relevant French-speaking territories are transferred to Belgium. The German-speaking territories remain under Prussian sovereignty.

4. Within the Country:
   The former provinces of the German Empire are abolished.
   Twenty new states, including Berlin, unite to form the Federal Republic of Prussia.
   The new republic adopts a federal system of government, under which the states possess their own administrations and political autonomy.
   Berlin becomes the federal capital and may not concentrate all political and administrative powers within its jurisdiction.
   The Federal Republic of Prussia succeeds the German Empire in the territories remaining under its sovereignty.

THE COLONIES
The former German Empire loses all of its colonies.
Since the newly established Danubian Republic has no access to the sea, an equitable division of the colonial possessions between the two successor states is not possible.
All colonies of the former German Empire are therefore transferred to the various victorious nations.
Their estimated economic value is deducted from the financial reparations imposed upon the Federal Republic of Prussia.

GERMAN DISARMAMENT
Disarmament measures are introduced to reduce tensions across Europe and facilitate the stabilization of the newly established republics.
These measures shall remain in force for a period of 10 years from the entry into force of the Treaty of Geneva on January 10, 1920.
The land army is limited to 100,000 men.

Conscription is prohibited.
The General Staff is abolished.
Military service is restricted to members of the professional armed forces.
Bombers and tanks are prohibited.

Certain measures shall only be fully implemented following the pacification of the new Eastern Front and the securing of Finland, the Baltic States, White Russia, and Ukraine against the communist threat.
During this period, certain German military forces and equipment may be temporarily retained to contribute to the stabilization of Eastern Europe.
Once this stabilization has been achieved, a substantial portion of German military equipment shall be transferred to the newly established armies of the Eastern States in order to strengthen their defensive capabilities.

The Treaty also provides for the demilitarization of the left bank of the Rhine for a period of 10 years.
All of these restrictions shall expire on January 10, 1930.
These measures are temporary and are not intended to maintain the Federal Republic of Prussia in a permanent state of military inferiority.
European security shall progressively rest upon the stability of the new institutions, international cooperation, and diplomatic integration rather than permanent military restrictions.

FINANCIAL REPARATIONS
The Federal Republic of Prussia is required to compensate the Allied Powers for the damage caused during the First World War.
The total amount of reparations is set at 32 billion gold marks.

The estimated value of the former German colonies transferred to the victorious powers shall be deducted from this amount.
Prussia is also required to pursue a policy of preferential economic treatment toward the victorious nations in order to facilitate their reconstruction.
The financial obligations of the Danubian Republic are defined separately in the treaty concerning the succession of Austria-Hungary and the establishment of the new Danubian state.

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
The League of Nations is established, with Geneva as its permanent headquarters.
Its purpose is to promote international cooperation, the diplomatic resolution of conflicts, and the collective security of its member states.
The Federal Republic of Prussia is admitted as a founding member of the League of Nations.
It shall enjoy the same diplomatic rights as all other member states.
The objective is to ensure the immediate integration of the new republic into the international order, rather than maintaining the former adversary in a state of diplomatic isolation.
European security shall be guaranteed through cooperation among nations rather than solely through the military superiority of the victorious powers.

SOCIAL PROVISIONS
The signatory states undertake to promote:

The limitation of working hours.
The protection of workers.
The elimination of child labor.
The principle of fair remuneration.
Freedom of association and trade union rights.
Maternity protection.

These provisions are intended to promote the social and economic stability of European nations.

POLITICAL PROVISIONS
The Federal Republic of Prussia shall maintain a republican and federal system of government.
Berlin shall not be permitted to centralize the powers of the federated states or abolish their political autonomy.
Berlin shall not be permitted to expand the national territory of the Federal Republic of Prussia.
The Danubian Republic is recognized as an independent and sovereign state, distinct from the Federal Republic of Prussia.
The political separation between the two republics shall be respected.

The Treaty does not provide for any permanent military occupation of Prussian territory.
No provision requires Prussia to acknowledge exclusive responsibility for the outbreak of the First World War.
The objective of the Treaty of Geneva is to bring an end to the conflict, reorganize Central Europe, and facilitate the reintegration of the German populations into a new and stable European order.
Peace shall be founded upon political decentralization, a balance of power among states, economic cooperation, and international integration rather than the humiliation and permanent weakening of the defeated nations.
 

pretty self explanatory

A History of Bocay

Discovered by Portuguese navigators in 1450, Bocay served as Lisbon’s premier Atlantic foothold for over three centuries. The colony grew into a vital victualing station for trans-Atlantic shipping, anchored by its original capital and eastern port, Porto da Brisa (PdB). Whaling, maritime logistics, and interior sugar cultivation beneath the Antilopuget range drove early prosperity, while Novo Lisboa was founded in the central highlands to connect inland resources with coastal trade.

The island’s trajectory shifted in October 1780 when the Great Hurricane (San Calixto II) leveled Porto da Brisa. Faced with staggering rebuilding costs, the Portuguese Crown permanently relocated the capital to São Cristóvão. Tucked safely inside a sheltered bay, the new seat of government offered natural protection from Atlantic tempests, quickly eclipsing PdB in population and political influence.

When French forces invaded Portugal in 1807, British troops occupied Bocay to secure Atlantic sea lanes. Weary of the recurring financial drain of repairing PdB’s sea defenses, Lisbon gladly ceded the island under post-Napoleonic treaties, passing the maintenance burden to London. Over the next century (1807–1923), Royal Engineers modernized the colony by building a perimeter highway and an island-wide railway featuring a landmark rail tunnel between Braganza and Cabo Tijuco.

Following its 1923 devolution, Bocay retained its strategic importance through World War II, serving as a critical Allied convoy staging area, air base, and supply hub. Today, the island is a unitary Commonwealth realm operating as a multi-party parliamentary republic, governed by a Prime Minister as head of government and a Governor-General representing the British Crown. Its legal system seamlessly blends Portuguese civil law with British parliamentary procedure.

This dual colonial heritage endures through its official languages: English, Portuguese, and Bocayan Creole. English dominates statecraft, finance, and tourism with heavy concentrations in São Cristóvão and Cabo Tijuco, while Portuguese remains rooted in civil society and regional governance, boasting its highest concentration in Novo Lisboa.

On the eastern coast, Cabo Tijuco (Cabo Che in Creole) has evolved into Bocay’s premier resort and casino destination, famous for its pink sand beaches. Local legend even ties its mid-century gaming boom to mobsters Hyman Roth and Michael Corleone, though the district was thoroughly transformed in the 1990s with a modern cruise terminal and high-capacity rail link.

The nation celebrates its identity on St. Christopher’s Day (May 3), honoring the island's patron saint, and Day of the Nation (July 1). Its national symbol is the Ridgebok (Myotragus bocayuma), an endemic Atlantic goat-antelope native to the island's rugged interior. The coat of arms of Bocay is a Ridgebok Rampant over a green mountain and sea waves. The National Motto, and title of its anthem, is "Do mar cem prosperidade/ From the Sea, Prosperity."

In 1849 the Tsar refused to send his army to save the Habsburgs. Without Russian help, Austria lost the war in Hungary, Vienna rose again, and the empire fell apart within months: Hungary, Bohemia, Galicia and Lombardy all broke free. The Frankfurt Parliament united the Germans, Austria and Luxembourg included. Serbs and Croats, caught between Hungary and the Ottomans, chose to stand together.

Switzerland never recovered from its civil war of 1847. Its cantons drifted apart and were divided between Germany, France and Italy at the Conference of Turin. Belgium survived a little longer, until a war between Flemings and Walloons gave France and the Netherlands an excuse to march in and split it.

In 1878, with no Austria left to back it, Britain could not overturn the Treaty of San Stefano, and Greater Bulgaria stayed on the map.

Russia was the last empire standing, and fell hardest. Defeat by Japan and the massacre of Bloody Sunday in 1905 set off a revolution the Tsar could not contain. As Petersburg burned, the borderlands rose one after another: Poles, Finns and Balts first, then Ukrainians from the Dnieper to the Kuban, then the Georgian villages and the mountain peoples of Dagestan. Romania seized half of Bessarabia, Ukraine took the rest. By the time the fighting ended in 1907, Russia had been cut down to its Russian core, ringed by new states that remember the empire all too well.

Britain is the exception, it still holds Ireland by force.

Now, in 1911, the losers have found each other. Russia, Hungary and Bulgaria have signed the Restoration League, promising to bring back what they call their natural borders. Wedged between them stands the Little Entente of Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia, and to the north the Intermarium League, a chain of young states from the Baltic to the Caucasus that owe their existence to Russia’s fall. Greece has placed itself under British protection, but the Western Powers want no war, least of all a Britain still busy in Ireland. Everyone is watching Germany, the strongest state on the continent, which has signed with no one yet

Borders inspired by Richard Andree's ethnographic map of Europe (The Times Atlas, 1900). I will be glad to answer your questions and I'm open to your suggestions on map making!

In 1968 the Turkish and Soviet governments initiated a territory exchange where the Turkish government ceaded the ruins of Ani alongside the small town of Ockalı(later renamed "Nor Ani" meaning "New Ani") also including the surrounding territories of Horomos monastery. In exchange for that the U.S.S.R. ceaded two Azerbaijani villages alongside the border with A.S.S.R . The Soviet government also built a memorial dedicated to the Turkish-Soviet friendship in Ockalı, even though it wasn't stated in the agreement. This event signified the warming of Armeno-Turkish relation.

The most unrealistic part about this timeline is me becoming a landlord.

If you have any questions, ask in the comments and I'll try to answer

very important info:

I made this for fun in language arts class, and thanks to my very kind friends, its in worse quality than when I made it. I apologize for the awful quality of the picture, handwriting, and etc. I'll try to use digital in the future.

Lore (not the exact same one as the one written and also inspired by OTL's division of Korea and Red Flood (Kingdom of Korea part)):

(im gonna use imporper english cuz my brain is lwk kinda fried and i MIGHT edit this when im no longer in this state) it is 1945 and the japanese empire is collapsing. a few months/years ago, the soviets established the democratic socialist republic of manchuria and china has recently went into the peninsula via amnok/yalu river. the exiled rok demanded china to give the territory to the rok govenremnt, which is slightly more centrist-left in this timeline. china agreed and the rok was in its homeland after 27 years of trying (march 1st movemnt in 1919). meanwhile, the manchurians and some soviets (they were dealing with like nazi germany or smt idk) invaded the northeast and estabhlished a communist government. during the battle of pyongyag, nationalism was high and caused the agreement between the communist govenrermnt and the rok, where the communist govnerment joins the rok but as an autonomous region. japanese empire doesnt fall because of reasons that arent disclosed and seoul is still in the japanese. on 1953, an armistice was signed between the japanese and the allies. japan, desperate for survial and stability, let korea be "independent", but not as a japanese-cotnrolled korea, but isntead, more like a "west japan". japonization has slowed down and korean became a working lanuage. the rok's first president, kim gu is on his 2nd/last year of presidency and on the last term out of 3. his possible succesors are to be likely either rhyee sungman, who would likely cut ties with manchuria and destroy the autonomous region, or the more leftist, yeo un hyeong who might weaken ties with china and usa

(also if youre a hoi4 mod dev or anything like that plz add this)

The land where elephants are just as intelligent as people, and rule over the mainland with an iron trunk., is at the brink. Möngke Khagan stands at the gates to the east, his armies strong after subduing Southern Axiun. Will the great hordes once again tear through the great jungles and plains, or will the elephant-lords stop their rampage through Hestica?

The allies:

Texas, Columbia, Virginia, Africarica, Florida, Mexican Republic, Rio grande Rebels, Desert and California, New York, New York, UK, France, Novgoria, South Spanish Republic, Russian empire.

Central powers:

Carolina, Oglethorpe, Mexican Empire, German empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and Ottoman Empire.

BTW the articles of confederation were irredeemable alongside the Constitution Convention fell 2 times.

(A remake of one of my old maps)

LORES

Crowns of Atlas & Shiva

(Lore’s too long for me to post in the comments ;-;)